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Iran Internet blackout Passed its 81st day- Officials Warn of Consequences

Simay Azadi – Iran  internet blackout passed its 81st day, exceeding 1,920 hours of restricted access, according to monitoring group NetBlocks. NetBlocks warned that Tehran is not only maintaining domestic internet controls but is also seeking broader influence over regional communications infrastructure.  The prolonged blackout comes as officials and state-linked media increasingly acknowledge public dissatisfaction over filtering policies, unequal internet access, and growing economic losses.  On May 17, 2026, the state-linked outlet Khabar Online quoted the regime’s MP Mohammad-Reza Pourdehghan criticizing a recent order issued by the regime’s President Masoud Pezeshkian to his Vice President Mohammad-Reza Aref regarding cyberspace policy.  Pourdehghan described the move as largely symbolic, stating:  “The order issued for Aref is more decorative or psychological in nature… People are tired of these rulings and attractive statements by government spokespeople. They want real action.”  He also referred to growing anger over unequal internet access and alleged preferential treatment under programs sometimes described as “pro internet” or “business internet.” He said:  “People are dissatisfied with the discrimination created under strange names such as ‘pro internet’ or ‘business internet,’ and with the unusual amounts of money being taken from them.”  The comments appeared to reference widespread complaints over so-called “tiered internet,” in which faster or less restricted access is reportedly available to selected institutions or groups while broader restrictions remain in place.  On May 17, 2026, former regime official Mohammad-Ali Abtahi warned that the government could increasingly be held accountable for prolonged filtering policies. According to Khabar Online, Abtahi said:  “If this decision is merely symbolic, it could become a major mistake for the government.”  State-linked reporting has also acknowledged growing economic consequences. On May 17, another report by Khabar Online stated that criticism over internet disruptions has intensified and that many people dependent on online businesses have effectively lost their livelihoods.  Meanwhile, efforts by users to bypass restrictions have reportedly contributed to a growing black market for foreign SIM cards, particularly Iraqi SIM cards in western Iran.  According to a report published by ILNA on May 17, 2026, a member of the regime parliament’s security commission called on intelligence agencies to intervene, warning:  “If Iraqi SIM cards are being bought and sold in the country, this is certainly not good from an intelligence and security standpoint.”  The latest admissions by officials come months after authorities imposed severe internet restrictions during the January 2026 uprising, when activists said communication blackouts limited information flows amid widespread arrests and a deadly crackdown.  Since then, internet shutdowns have increasingly coincided with mass arrests, executions, expanded surveillance measures, and tighter control over online platforms, while authorities continue promoting domestic alternatives under the country’s “National Information Network.”  Although officials often cite war conditions or security concerns as justification, recent statements from regime lawmakers and state-linked outlets increasingly point to their fear of the consequences of these actions, both socially and economically.  

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Iran: 121st Week of “No to Execution Tuesdays” Campaign

May 19, 2026 – Prisoners participating in the “No to Execution Tuesdays” campaign entered the 121st consecutive week of coordinated hunger strikes across 56 prisons in Iran, warning of intensifying executions, repression, and the normalization of violence by the ruling authorities. In this week’s statement, the campaign alleged that the authorities have spent more than two months militarizing public spaces, conducting weapon training in streets and public gatherings while using children in these events, which they say aims to normalize violence and suppression. The campaign reported the execution of Abdoljalil Shahbakhsh, a Baluch political prisoner, in Zahedan Prison. It also announced the execution of Mohammad Abbasi, described as one of those arrested during the January 2026 uprising. The statement highlighted the case of Abbasi’s daughter: “Mohammad Abbasi, one of those arrested during the January uprising, was executed for participating in the protests, while his daughter, Fatemeh Abbasi, has been sentenced to 25 years in prison and is held in Evin Prison.” The campaign argued that executions in Iran extend beyond political prisoners and are used systematically to suppress society. “Execution is not only an unjust judicial punishment that takes away the right to life; it is the regime’s most important tool of repression and state killing.” The statement further asserted that executions are intended to deter resistance among younger generations: “They execute young people to frighten society, but this violence plants the seeds of awareness, resistance, and uprising.” The campaign maintained that escalating repression reflects fear of public dissent rather than strength: “The ruling dictatorship uses executions for one purpose: to spread fear throughout society.” Concluding the statement, participants in “No to Execution Tuesdays” called for broader unity among activists and civil society: “We call on political, human rights, labor, and civil activists — and on workers, teachers, students, and retirees — to unite and make ‘No to Execution’ heard by the conscience of the world.” The campaign, now in its 121st week, continues to frame opposition to capital punishment as part of a broader struggle for justice, equality, and political freedom in Iran.

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Iran’s Police Chief Admits to 6,500 Arrests Amid Rising Executions 

Iran’s Police Commander Ahmad-Reza Radan said in an interview with state television on May 18 that authorities had arrested more than 6,500 people accused of espionage, collaboration, or anti-government activity since the start of the recent conflict, adding that 567 cases involved individuals linked to opposition groups.  Iran's Police Chief admits to 6,500 arrestsIn this Video Iran Police Chief, Ahmad-Reza Radan confirms:• 6,500 citizens detained in recent weeks.• 567 linked to the MEK and other opposition groups.• Vows to hunt every January protester: “We won’t let them go.” https://t.co/pkB41BvjoR pic.twitter.com/99DmAS1Jsw — Pasha Borjkhani (@BorjkhaniP1847) May 18, 2026 “In the field of traitors and spies, from the beginning of the war until now, more than 6,500 traitors and spies have been arrested… 567 of whom were special cases related to ‘hypocrisy’ and anti-revolutionary groups,” Radan said, using the official derogatory term often applied by authorities to the People’s Mojahedin Organization of Iran (PMOI). He added that arrests connected to the January unrest were continuing.   Radan’s remarks come as Iran’s judiciary has publicly outlined what it describes as the results of its crackdown since February 28, reporting the execution of 29 people accused of espionage, terrorism, or armed unrest, lengthy prison sentences for dozens more, and widespread property confiscations. Authorities also reported the seizure of hundreds of properties and the freezing of bank accounts and cryptocurrency assets belonging to political, media, and cultural figures.   According to state judiciary-linked reporting, another 36 individuals received prison terms ranging from four to 13 years in provinces including Qom and Isfahan for activities authorities said included transferring money, providing safe houses, lower-level intelligence work, or encouraging unrest. The sentences are reportedly final and already being implemented.   The figures were released weeks after Judiciary Chief Gholam-Hossein Mohseni Eje’i called for courts to accelerate verdicts and implementation of punishments, arguing that delays reduce their deterrent effect. His remarks were widely interpreted as support for faster processing of execution cases involving political detainees and security-related charges.  Recent months have seen a series of executions of political prisoners, dissidents, and individuals accused of links to opposition groups. Among them were six PMOI members — Vahid Baniamerian, Pouya Ghobadi, Babak Alipour, Mohammad Taghavi, Abolhassan Montazer, and Akbar Daneshvarkar — executed between late March and early April after being convicted on charges including moharebeh (“enmity against God”) and attacks on security targets. Two other PMOI members, Hamed Validi and Mohammad (Nima) Massoum-Shahi, were executed on April 20. This is in addition to at least 14 executions of January 2026 protesters in less than two months.   Authorities have announced the executions linked to January unrest cases and alleged victims of being part of “espionage networks. State media reports reviewed by Simay Azadi show an increasing pattern of presenting protesters, dissidents, and alleged foreign-linked actors under a broader national security framework.   Radan’s latest remarks also echo earlier statements made during the January 2026 uprising. On March 10, he publicly said protesters would be treated as “enemies,” signaling a shift in official rhetoric that framed dissidents not as citizens engaged in unrest but as hostile actors aligned with foreign adversaries.  In another statement on April 20, amid growing executions and arrests, Radan said security forces would continue “treating protesters like enemies,” adding that 1,200 people had been arrested in a single wave.  The combination of mass arrests, accelerated sentencing, public calls for faster punishments, and growing use of espionage-related charges has increasingly raised questions among rights groups and observers over due process, transparency, and the expanding use of security laws against political dissent in Iran. 

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Iran: Audio Message by PMOI Member Vahid Baniamerian

Simay Azadi has obtained an exclusive voice recording from Vahid Baniamerian, a member of the People’s Mojahedin Organization of Iran (PMOI), recorded from prison in July 2025, before his execution. Vahid was executed on April 4, 2026, in Ghezel Hesar Prison amid a recent wave of executions targeting PMOI prisoners. The message was addressed to his mother following the executions of fellow PMOI prisoners Behrouz Ehsani and Mehdi Hassani in mid-July 2025, at a time when Vahid and several others were themselves awaiting execution. In the recording, Vahid reflects on death, faith, poverty, political awakening, his decision to join the PMOI, and his relationship with his mother. He describes his path as one shaped by witnessing injustice, repeated imprisonment, and what he calls a commitment to fight oppression Here is the full translation of this audio message: I am sending this message to you under circumstances where Behrouz and Mahdi have been executed, and we, too, stand in the queue for execution—awaiting whatever God’s will may be. Just as Behrouz reminded us of the Quranic verse and wrote upon his final notification: “Every soul shall taste death.” Every soul, sooner or later, experiences death. And blessed are those whose state is described by Imam Ali in the 64th sermon of the Nahj al-Balagha: “Be prepared for death, for it has cast its shadow over you. Be like a people who were summoned and then awakened, who knew that this world is not an eternal home and thus exchanged it for the Hereafter. God the Sublime did not create you in vain, nor did He leave you to your own devices. Between you and Paradise or Hell, there is no distance but the brief span of death.” Yes, death is ordained for us all. In the school of the Quran, we have learned to see this world as a place of testing, and death as a gateway to another world where we shall be held accountable. From the school of Imam Hussein, we have learned that: “Life is nothing but belief and struggle.” Indeed, the meaning of life is the conscious choice of an ideal and a belief aligned with the monotheistic path of creation, followed by striving (Jihad) along this magnificent, yet painful and arduous path. Until, as the Quran says: “O mankind, indeed you are laboring toward your Lord with [great] exertion and will meet Him.” And the end of this labor and movement is the meeting with the Lord. Yes, dear Mama, you know these verses well; you read them to me and taught them to me many times. Our ideology has a clear answer to the question of death. When we open the Quran and the Nahj al-Balagha, or listen to the history of the Prophets and Imams, it is full of reminders of the magnificent meaning and philosophy of life. Thus, we must only bow humbly before the Truth. But what is my—and our—test in this life? Let me return to my childhood. To the time when the poverty of my classmates pained my childish conscience. One day, I asked you to exchange the shoes that Haj Baba had bought for me with a simpler pair, because I felt the innocent, longing gazes of Sharifi, Mohammadi, and Karami—with their torn shoes and tattered clothes—upon me. That pain bonded me to them. You accepted my request and bought me simpler shoes, and I became certain that I had done the right thing. I became certain that I should not only think of myself. From then on, whenever we had good food, I would secretly pack morsels in my bag to take to them during the afternoon school shift, receiving the sparkle in their eyes as my reward. How fortunate I am to have been raised in the lap of a pure mother like you. However, despite all the troubles a child causes their mother, I finally grew up and entered society. Now, I saw even deeper pains, and I had to understand their roots. While my young soul was tormented by seeing the suffering of my oppressed fellow human beings, I was searching for the meaning of life. What could life be? Studying, going to university, finding a job, getting married, and perhaps serving society? This was the most honorable and “prescribed” type of life, especially available to me as a student who happened to be quite good at his studies. But what about the homeless sleeping on cardboard, the street vendors, the millions of families below the poverty line, the hundreds of thousands of youths falling into addiction, the millions of talents that wither away, and the discrimination and suppression of women? Could the issue be solved, as in childhood, by skipping a meal or wearing simpler shoes to soothe one’s conscience? No. In response to the call of my conscience, I was drawn into the realm of politics. A realm where many of its “seven-faced” pretenders and players had no relationship with honor. I had to be vigilant, searching for the right path so as not to slide into the abyss. In this search and struggle, however, I encountered “stars” whose pain was of the same nature as mine. Their view of politics was not one of power-seeking or duplicity, but of honesty and sacrifice to eliminate oppression and discrimination. I had re-read the stories of the “nameless ones” of Khavaran—those like your friend Masoumeh, and Mansour, and thirty thousand heroes like them. It was as if I knew them now. It was as if an unbreakable bond had been forged between us. It was as if, in the moments before execution, I understood what they were thinking and what passion they felt. Suddenly, everything that had been a mystery to me—from the reason for Baba’s imprisonment and my expulsion from school, to the fear and despair ruling society and the fate of the ’79 Revolution—all fit together like pieces of a puzzle. I stood on the threshold of choosing a different kind of life. All of this was not sudden; it took years.

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Iran Executes Another January Protester as Crackdown Intensifies 

Simay Azadi – Iran’s judiciary announced on May 14 the execution of protester Mohammad Abbasi, who had been arrested during the January 2026 uprising in Malard, west of Tehran. The execution comes amid a rapid rise in death sentences tied to the January uprising.  Judiciary-linked media Mizan News Agency accused Abbasi of participating in what authorities described as “anti-security riots” and involvement in the killing of Colonel Shahin Dehghan, an officer reportedly involved in suppressing the protests. Officials claimed Abbasi attacked the officer with a bayonet during clashes on January 6, 2026, in the Sar Asiab area of Malard Province.  Reports also indicate that Abbasi’s daughter, Fatemeh Abbasi, who was arrested alongside him, has been sentenced to 25 years in prison.  On May 4, Iranian authorities announced the execution of three protesters in Mashhad — Mehdi Rasouli, Mohammadreza Miri, and Ebrahim Dowlatabadi. Judiciary-linked media accused Rasouli and Miri of involvement in violent incidents during the unrest, including the killing of a Basij member, while Dowlatabadi was accused of leading protests in the Tabarsi area of Mashhad.  Since March 19, the Iranian regime has carried out a series of executions targeting young protesters arrested during the January 2026 uprising.  The confirmed executions include Saleh Mohammadi, a 19-year-old champion wrestler; Mehdi Ghasemi; Saeed Davoudi; Amir Hossein Hatami, 18; Shahin Vahedparast, 31; Mohammad Amin Biglari, 19; Ali Fahim, 23; Amirali Mirjafari; Erfan Kiani; and Sasan Azadvar, a 21-year-old provincial karate champion.  Most were convicted on charges such as “Moharebeh,” or “enmity against God,” following proceedings widely criticized by human rights organizations for lacking due process and transparency.  On May 3, the judiciary announced the execution of Mehrab Abdollahzadeh in Urmia. Authorities accused him of involvement in the killing of a police officer and cited charges including road blockades and destruction of public property.  Abdollahzadeh had been arrested during the 2022 protests and was reportedly held under torture for months before being sentenced to death in September 2024.  Senior regime officials have openly defended the executions.  On May 13, the deputy chairman of the Iranian parliament’s Judicial Commission praised the judiciary for the “decisive” implementation of death sentences tied to the January uprising, describing the actions as “highly defensible.”  Days earlier, on May 8, Iran’s Chief Justice Gholamhossein Mohseni-Eje’i declared that the judiciary would “decisively try and punish traitorous elements,” while promising full support to intelligence and security agencies pursuing what he described as “spies, infiltrators and traitors.” 

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Imprisoned Iranian Elite Student Ali Younesi Rejects Judiciary “Pardon”  

Simay Azadi – Ali Younesi, an elite student at Sharif University of Technology sentence by the regime to 16 years in prison on charges of supporting the People’s Mojahedin Organization of Iran (PMOI/MEK), has rejected a judiciary “pardon” offer in a new letter written from Ghezel Hesar Prison in Karaj.  Younesi was arrested in April 2020 alongside fellow elite student Amir Hossein Moradi. The regime later charged both students with links to the PMOI.  According to the letter, during a family visit on Monday, May 11, 2026, prison authorities handed Younesi an official notice dated February 22, 2026, informing him that the remaining seven months of his prison sentence had been “pardoned” under a judiciary amnesty decree.  In response, Younesi wrote:  “I have never requested a pardon and never will. Freedom is a stolen right; we do not beg for a stolen right, we fight to reclaim it.”  Referring to recently executed PMOI prisoners – Vahid Baniamerian, Pouya Ghobadi, Akbar Daneshvarkar, Babak Alipour, Abolhassan Montazar, Mohammad Taghavi –  he added:  “I have role models: six proud cellmates who were sent to the gallows. Every day and every moment, their memory is alive for me and their voices remain in my ears. They did not bargain over their lives—shame on me if I bargain over my freedom.”  Younesi specifically referenced Vahid Baniamerian, one of the PMOI prisoners executed in April 2026, quoting from his defense statement:  “Vahid Baniamerian said in his defense: ‘Is it us who should defend ourselves, or you?’”  Younesi then added:  “‘Is it us who should forgive, or you?!’ Forgiveness belongs more than anyone else to the grieving mothers and fathers.”  Addressing the families of those executed, he wrote:  “Whatever suffering remains—prison, exile, hardship—is nothing but duty. It is with the strength of your children’s sacrifice that we fight, and we will remain steadfast in this struggle. Fighting for the freedom of the Iranian people is not a source of regret or suffering, but the greatest source of honor.”  The letter comes amid growing international concern over the treatment of political prisoners in Iran and follows a recent wave of executions targeting PMOI members, other political prisoners and January protesters. 

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Iran: MP Admits Corruption by Regime Officials Is a Cause of Rising Prices 

Simay Azadi – In an interview with the state-run Student News Agency, Mohsen Zanganeh, member of the Iranian Parliament’s Budget Committee, acknowledged in an that one of the causes of rising prices is the abuse and profiteering by government officials.  He said: “Another factor behind rising prices is corruption. Many officials who became rich in the 1990s did so because of their activities during the 8-year war. In every political faction, there are people who support and profit from the system.”  Zanganeh further added, “After the Revolution, many people were handed control of state-owned companies and board positions. It was clearly a case of systemic exploitation. Even now, in this wartime environment, there are people positioning themselves to become the next generation of ‘trillionaires.’”  He also described the war as one of the causes of rising prices, adding: “30% of the rising prices are due to the nature of war. 35% is due to the inefficiency of government institutions.”  On May 9, 2026, state-affiliated media confirmed a dramatic price surge for essential commodities, including poultry, eggs, rice, sugar, and cooking oil. Bread, a primary staple, has seen particularly sharp increases. In Hamedan, new official rates were implemented on May 6, 2026. Abuzar Golmohammadi, head of the local bakers’ union, defended the move to state media, citing the unsustainable rise in production overheads—specifically wages, insurance, energy, and rent.  Under these new regulations, the price of Lavash has risen to 2,000 tomans, Sangak to 8,000, and Barbari to 16,500, with specialty breads reaching as high as 35,000 tomans. This inflationary trend has rapidly spread across major urban centers, including Tehran, Mashhad, Isfahan, Qom, and Yazd, where many bakeries have moved toward unregulated, “free-market” pricing.  In a candid interview with the ILNA news agency, Yahya Azizi, an official of Iran’s Minister of Culture, labeled the current state of affairs “disastrous,” pointing to a massive gulf between earnings and the cost of living. He noted that the monthly poverty line has now climbed to 75 million tomans—a figure that is roughly triple the average salary of 24 million tomans. 

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Iran: Imprisoned Elite Student Moradi Rejects Judiciary’s “Pardon”  

Simay Azadi – Amir Hossein Moradi, an elite Iranian student imprisoned on charges of supporting the People’s Mojahedin Organization of Iran (PMOI/MEK), has rejected what he described as the regime’s “shameful pardon” offer in a new letter written from Evin prison.  His statement comes amid a wave of executions targeting PMOI prisoners in Iran in recent weeks, including the executions of Vahid Baniamerian, Pouya Ghobadi, Babak Alipour, Mohammad Taghavi, Shahrokh Daneshvarkar, and Abolhassan Montazar.  #Iran News Alert On the eve of universities reopening, imprisoned elite students Amirhossein Moradi & Ali Younesi wrote:“Universities have become prisons, and prisons have become universities.”They vowed:“Our unbreakable resolve will shape Iran’s destiny—free, republican &… pic.twitter.com/WCUJ9llAlv — SIMAY AZADI TV (@en_simayazadi) September 20, 2025 Amir Hossein Moradi, an elite student at Sharif University of Technology, was arrested on April 10, 2020, alongside fellow elite student Ali Younesi.  The two students disappeared for nearly 26 days before Iranian authorities officially acknowledged their detention. The regime later accused them of links to the PMOI/MEK, “activities,.”  The letter comes amid growing international concern over the increasing crackdown on political prisoners in Iran, particularly individuals accused of links to the PMOI.   The full text of the translated letter:  “In response to the letter from the genocidal regime’s judiciary claiming to pardon the remainder of my prison sentence.  The smiling faces of my dearest friends — Vahid, Pouya, Babak, Mohammad, Shahrokh, and Abolhassan — at the moment of their separation and transfer from Evin Prison to the killing ground of Ghezel Hesar remain before my eyes. Until the final moments of their lives, they never surrendered to the humiliation of submission before your vile government. I think of their mothers and fathers. As I clearly stated in September 2024, I repeat once again today: I neither asked for nor want your shameful pardon. In response to the bloody killings of January and the recent criminal executions, it is certainly we, the oppressed people of Iran, who stand in the position of forgiving you. But know this with certainty: we neither forgive nor forget. Until the people of Iran are freed from your rule, I will not even think about my own release from prison, nor will I beg it from you.   Amirhossein Moradi  May 12, 2026 

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Iran Internet Blackout Passes 1,728 Hours Amid Growing Digital Restrictions

Simay Azadi – As Iran’s nationwide internet disruption entered its 1,728 hour on Sunday, new reports indicated that authorities continue to impose one of the longest and most extensive internet restrictions ever recorded in the country. According to data published by NetBlocks, the large-scale disruption has severely limited access to the global internet across Iran, deepening concerns over digital repression and communication isolation. NetBlocks stated that unrestricted internet access during times of crisis is a vital necessity, warning that shutdowns disproportionately harm vulnerable groups, including people with disabilities, students, small businesses, and ordinary citizens. Iranian authorities have claimed the restrictions were linked to security conditions stemming from the recent conflict involving the United States and Israel, which began on February 28 and lasted 40 days. However, digital rights observers argue that the authorities have used the wartime atmosphere as justification to accelerate efforts toward tighter control of cyberspace and expansion of the country’s so-called “National Information Network.” The latest restrictions have also revived memories of previous internet shutdowns imposed during periods of unrest in Iran, including during the January 2026 uprising, when authorities severely restricted communications amid widespread anti-government protests. Rights groups and activists accused the government at the time of using the blackout to conceal the scale of the crackdown and deadly violence against protesters. According to the Iranian dissidents and activists, the current restrictions come amid an intensifying crackdown on dissidents and political prisoners. According to reports by activists and rights monitors, at least 25 dissidents and protesters have been executed in recent months, while internet restrictions have further limited the flow of information from inside the country. While millions of Iranians continue to face restricted access, reports indicate that government institutions, affiliated organizations, and approved individuals have retained access to international internet services. At the same time, some providers have reportedly offered expensive forms of “tiered internet” access to select groups, fueling criticism and anger among users and digital activists. Observers say the nationwide shutdown has already surpassed previous global records in both duration and scale for a countrywide internet blackout. Despite growing reports of economic losses, educational disruption, and social damage caused by the restrictions, Iranian authorities have yet to provide a clear explanation for the continuation of the measures or formally accept responsibility for the prolonged shutdown.

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Iran Drug Crisis Deepens as Medicine Prices Surge Up to 300 Percent

Simay Azadi – Iran’s state-run Etemad newspaper has reported that the country’s medicine crisis has sharply worsened following the recent war and amid what it described as a “fragile ceasefire,” with some drug prices increasing between 30 and 300 percent. According to the report, officials from Iran’s Pharmacists Association said declining foreign currency reserves and reduced government ability to subsidize medicine production and imports have triggered severe shortages and soaring prices. Etemad quoted a cancer patient identified as “Azar M.” as saying: “Before the war, I could obtain this medication with insurance support for less than one million tomans. Now, since the outbreak of the war, I have to buy each dose of Xgeva at the non-subsidized price of 30 million tomans.” The newspaper also described shortages of insulin, cancer drugs, laboratory kits, and imported infant formula, while pharmacies have reportedly begun rationing medicines because of fears of future shortages. State-linked reports attributed part of the crisis to sanctions, disruptions in shipping routes, rising currency exchange rates, and damage caused during the recent conflict, including attacks affecting pharmaceutical infrastructure. However, the crisis has also exposed deeper structural problems inside Iran’s pharmaceutical sector, which for years has faced accusations of corruption, instability, and financial mismanagement. Large parts of Iran’s pharmaceutical and medical import sectors are controlled by economic conglomerates linked to institutions under the authority of the Supreme Leader and the Revolutionary Guards, giving politically connected networks significant influence over medicine production, imports, and distribution. Among the most influential players is the Execution of Imam Khomeini’s Order, known as Setad, a vast economic empire directly controlled by the Supreme Leader. Through subsidiaries such as the Barkat Pharmaceutical Group and the Barakat Foundation, the conglomerate has expanded into nearly every layer of Iran’s pharmaceutical industry, including medicine manufacturing, imports, vaccine production, and hospital drug supply. Investigations and reports during the COVID-19 pandemic showed that several executives connected to Barakat simultaneously held influential regulatory positions inside Iran’s Health Ministry and Food and Drug Administration, blurring the line between regulators and major pharmaceutical interests. Former and current officials inside the health sector have repeatedly acknowledged that state-imposed pricing policies, delayed government payments, weak insurance systems, and overlapping bureaucratic control have pushed many pharmaceutical producers toward bankruptcy. Despite inflation constantly rising, authorities reportedly restricted medicine price increases to around 15 percent for long periods, severely reducing profitability for manufacturers while simultaneously weakening domestic production capacity. Officials from the pharmaceutical sector have also warned that government institutions and insurance organizations accumulated massive unpaid debts to drug companies and pharmacies, creating liquidity shortages that crippled production cycles and forced companies into high-interest borrowing. At the same time, indirect subsidy systems and distorted currency policies reportedly fueled medicine smuggling and corruption networks, further reducing supplies available to ordinary patients inside Iran. The crisis has increasingly affected daily life for ordinary Iranians. One man quoted by Etemad described seeing a citizen plead with a pharmacy to accept his wristwatch in exchange for urgently needed medication. While the recent war intensified supply disruptions, the rapid deterioration of Iran’s pharmaceutical sector has increasingly highlighted broader questions about governance, corruption, state priorities, and decades of economic policies that left the healthcare system vulnerable long before the latest conflict.

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